The introduction of electronics into all possible vehicle units has resulted in the introduction of the power steering (ESD), which is used to facilitate steering. He came to replace the hydro booster, but the GRU's heavy machinery is still more frequent.
The other names of the device are the electromechanical steering amplifier (EMM) and the power steering amplifier (ERRA).
History of appearance
The history of the power steering system began relatively recently, in the 1990s, although Henry Ford laid the foundations for the device. The first car, which was equipped with a full power amplifier, became the Toyota MR2 (1990). The Japanese manufacturer wanted to abandon the control of the hydraulic lines from the engine to the central frame. Then the baton was accepted in Europe-Volkswagen Golf Ecomatic emerged. Its electric pump could operate even when the engine was shut down, which had a positive effect on fuel economy. Later, other producers-Sittroen, Peugeot, Honda, Mazda, Audi, etc.-took over the innovative technology.
Device
The pump is combined into a single unit. It's under the hood before the heat sink. If the usual amplifier has a spatula pump, the electric power amplifier has a gear pump and electric motor in its structure. The six pump, unlike the spatula, does not work directly from the motor of the car, but from the motor, which in turn is activated by the motor vehicle. The second element of this system is the electronic control unit. In addition, the design includes a power cylinder, a fluid reservoir, an electronic valve, and various interposers and hoses.
How it works
The principle of the operation of the EDA is the same as the conventional hydro-amplifier. However, there is one significant difference-the electronics (unit and valve) are present in the device. The system with these add-ons works as follows: motion sensors monitor the speed, motion path and work of the engine, and then transmit the data to the electronic control unit. The system then automatically selects the desired oil pressure change mode in the parent cylinder by opening or closing the valve. The oil pressure is increased at low speeds thanks to an open valve, the amplifier is "full" and the rudder is spinning without effort. But as the car is dispersed, the valve is closed, reducing the pressure, so that the rudder will be heavy, providing the driver with comfortable driving.
Advantages and disadvantages of the power steering system
EDA has a number of advantages over the steering wheel.
First, it is a simple design and maintenance. If, in the case of the GRM, it is necessary to keep track of the level of oil as well as the condition of the pump, the owners of the cars with the EID from such "headaches" are free.
Second, cost-effectiveness. If the GRM is permanently operating, the ECU shall be activated only when the rudder is rotated. Thus, the additional load on the engine is reduced.
Third, ease of adjustment and adjustment. In order to change the characteristics of the steering wheel, it is necessary to make additional changes to the design, and in the case of the ECSD it is necessary only to change the program of the electronic control unit.
At the same time, the power steering has its drawbacks. The main of them is the lower output caused by the electrical power shortage. EDSD can only be installed on light vehicles, and it is not suitable for SUVs or trucks. In addition, another disadvantage of the power steering system (as well as the GRM) is the lack of information on the steering wheel associated with a poorly-expressed, inverse force.
