The name of the steering gear "Steering gear" has come from the name of the gear-gear mechanism. This type of mechanism is most often used in the design of modern front-wheel-drive vehicles. History of the introduction of the gear rack
History of the introduction of the gear rack
There is a mistaken belief that the steering gear is the most modern steering structure, but this is not entirely true. Many of the first cars of the late 19th century have been used in this way, and at the beginning of the 20th century the "gear-rake" was used, for example, on some models of the BMW. Historically, in the 20th century, the average steering gear in passenger vehicles has given way to worm gear and other more complex constructions. But, as all the new-well-forgotten old times are known, in the late 20th century, the designers returned to the use of the steering gear, since this was the best design for the front-wheel-drive cars with the Macpherson suspension. In fact, these three design decisions are sufficiently linked historically and designed to solve one common problem-making the car easier and accessible. This design decision proved to be quite successful and the management of the wheels on the basis of a gear-wrenches to date has been widely spread in passenger cars. The role of the steering gear in this task is how it works and how it works when it becomes familiar with its design.
Steering gear equipment
The rake is tied to the steering wheels with the help of the steerers and tips and is a jagged gear. The gear, fixed at the shaft, is in the clutch with the teeth marks on the rake. When the steering wheel is rotated around the steering wheel, the gear shall be shifted to the corresponding rotation. In turn, the rake through hinges and draught turns the managed wheels.
At present, most of the helmsman has mechanisms that facilitate the rotation of the steering wheel, especially when the vehicle is standing on the ground. Hydroamplifier is one of the most common devices. A regular gear rack is added with the distributor and the pump. The pump, which is powered by the crankshaft, is sucked out of the hydraulic fluid by the hydraulic fluid and is pressurized at 50 to 100 atm in the gilt. The principle of the allocator is to follow the applied effort to the steering wheel and when it appears-to assist the driver to rotate the steering wheel. The base of the dispenser is the tracker-the torsyon, in the helmsman's shaft. When the rudder is in peace, the tornet is not curled, the channels of the allocator are closed, and the oil without any effort goes back to the expansion baller. When the driver starts to rotate the rudder, the torcider is tightened with the greater the driver's driving force. In turn, the curved peat with the help of the gold and the channel system directs the liquid to the executive device. Depending on the side of the curvature, the pressure is applied to or before the piston of the actuator. The porschen is rigidly fixed on the rake and with this pressure of oil helps to rotate the wheels in the right direction. There is also a safety valve in the system. If the wheels are turned down, it opens and resets the pressure back into the tank.
In this way, the wheel of the wheel is substantially reduced and the impact of the blows from the wheels on the wheel is reduced.
The defects are taken to include loss of responsive steering, lack of reactive steering, which experienced drivers and professional riders help to feel the machine and take turns at the maximum speed possible. But in fact, the system can be tuned to almost any requirements, just the absolute majority of consumers are much more important than comfort and safety. These words confirm some models of the BMW 3 series, where the steering control is capable of satisfying even the high demands of the drivers and not giving reasons to journalists once again to reproached the designers in the low information steering.
The hydro-amplifier system is generally reliable, usually only limited to the regulatory replacement of the drive-belt and hydraulic fluid level control (usually Dexron, ATF). In spite of high reliability, the sealing (s) of the gear racks are often leak-tight, and the leakage of the GRU fluid begins through them. The problem is often caused by the pollution and corrosion of the rake due to the burnout and wear of the mills.
Hydraulic steering gear rack (EGUR)
Electric hydraulic steering systems with amplifiers, sometimes referred to as "hybrid" systems, use the same hydraulic technology as in the standard system of the GRM. The difference is that the pump that creates the pressure of the liquid is given in motion not by the motor vehicle of the motor vehicle, but by a separate electric motor.
The first experiments to create similar systems were conducted by Ford Corporation in 1965. First serial car with EGUR-Toyota MR2. In it, due to the unconventional layout of the engine (behind the driver), the designers replaced the very long Main Intelligence hoses with conventional cables, which were supposed to pass almost through the whole machine.
Later, the ECU has used most models of automakers in some of its models, and it is easy to ensure that the intensity of the vehicle's speed is dependent on it. The higher the speed, the less pressure creates the electric pump, thus increasing the steering control and achieving efficiency.
Power amp cutter (EUR)
The power amplifier is currently gaining popularity among cars of almost any class. The electrical amplifier device depends on its model and manufacturer, but the basic principle is to equip the conventional gear mechanism with the electric motor and the special control system of that engine. Most often, the engine is located on the helmsman's shaft, but in heavy vehicles the engine may be located on the rake itself. No hydraulics. The tracker of the tracking device (the same principle of work as on the rake with the GRM) is an electronic sensor, and by its signal the control unit gives the right amount of the right amount to the electric motor. The effort is adjusted by the control unit based on the readings of different sensors (speed, acceleration, wheels, etc.)
Advantage and shortcomings of the steering gear
Advantages of the wrench.
- Simplicity and compactness
- A mechanism with a small number of thrust and joints does not require frequent maintenance,
- A little weight,
- Good management accuracy at the expense of high stiffness and small play,
- The good self-agorship of the rudder to the neutral position,
- A little bit of value,
Disadvantages of the steering gear.
- The design is good for passing the bumps from the road bumps to the steering wheel,
- A constructive proclivity for the rake,
- Often requires suspension or repair at relatively low mileage,
- The design is mechanically limited by the use of light vehicles with independent suspension of controlled wheels.
A disadvantage is that there is a risk of malfunctions in the control programs, which can theoretically lead to a sudden jerk of the rudder to a side. It is true that only users of the VAZ products have faced such a problem in the worldwide history of the use of power-amplifiers, judging by the references in the press.
