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The suspension is the most important component of the car, because without the suspension it will be no longer a car, but simply a cart with a motor. In addition to the elastic link between the body and the wheels, the suspension shall perform several other key functions. It regulates the easing of the move, which makes the drive comfortable. The suspension also controls the vehicle's obstruction, its stability during various maneuvers, helps to resist skidling and overturning, and thus serves as a guarantee of traffic safety.
Any suspension has three basic elements: a gosing, elastic, and a guide. The gaming element is typically shock absorbers. The shock absorbers operate on the grip of tyres and soften the impact of the vehicle on uneven bumps. The guides are the levers. They're the one that connects the bodies and the wheels. As regards the elastic elements, they are designed to provide the so-called body spring-loaded and to prevent the formation of creins.
The suspension is mechanical and pneumatic.
The spring suspension is one of the mechanical suspension types. The elastic springs are the elastic springs (from the fr. The rest-springs). A few decades ago, this type of elastic element was the most common. Today, the spring suspension is used in the construction of high-capacity vehicles.
The history of spring suspension has hundreds and even thousands of years. Back in the 1st century B.C., the Romans have built suborctions, which are indispensable in military campaigns and peaceful journeys. The suspension role was performed by leather straps or chains. In China, the Zhou dynasty of the Zhou dynasty was also in progress. True, after the decline of civilization, their secret was lost. In Russia, spring freckage began to be applied in the beginning of the 19th century. They came to replace the springs in the coach construction. In the trucks, the springs are located above the bridge-such suspension by the Russian KAMAZ, the ZIL, and the Russian SUV. The suspension of passenger cars is under the bridge. This suspension with springs, for example, was equipped with Volga cars.
Device and operating principle
The suspension springs of the suspension are made up of steel sheets of varying lengths connected to each other by special handles. A leaf spring is fixed to the bridge on which the axle is wheels. The springs are connected to the body of the car with earrings or hinges. Sometimes there are constructional constructs in which the leafy springs bend, like a girly beam. The sheet may be from one to several. More recently, there has been a trend of more frequent use of monolist (or single-leaf) springs. They are, of course, working in a pair with shock absorbers that help to extinguize the body fluctuations. These springs were popular in the US for a long time, and in Europe they were only used in 1970. The monolist springs were used in old Ford models. In modern passenger cars, the spring suspension is used very rarely. The fact is that the sheets are under heavy load at the time of movement, and because of this, the driveability of the machine is impaired at high speed.
The pros and cons. Operational issues
Among the unconditional advantages of spring suspension are cheap, reliable and simple construction. During the movement, it responds not only to the vertical loads but also to the lateral ones that occur during the turn, as well as to the longitudinal, accomitating and braking forces. The suspension is resistant to the overloads and the bad roads are good. The use of the springs is to eliminate the use of additional elements and complex devices such as jet poles, various levers, tulks, etc.
The downside of this form of suspension is usually short-lived, but the springs are rapidly overtaken. Also, to avoid creaking and rattling noises during driving, it is necessary to regularly change pad and lubricate the sheets. Many drivers note that compared to the hydropneumatic suspension, which is difficult to use, the maintenance of the spring is slightly more expensive.
The suspension on short springs is very tight. But it can be done and very soft-only to increase the size of the springs. For example, the Soviet "Chaika" and "ZIL" had a very comfortable spring spring by such manipulations.
