Appointment
A safety belt is a ribbon of sufficient strength. In case of sudden stop of the car or in case of an emergency, the belt prevents the movement of passengers inside the vehicle. It is the simplest and most common system of passive safety. If you imagine the total length of all seatbelts issued from the beginning of manufacture, it will exceed 10 million miles. This length would have been enough to cover 250 times the equator, or 13 times the distance from the Earth to the Sun.
Safety belts were used in 1885. They then recorded the driver's position in the carriage. Then the seatbelts were used in aviation. They were then placed inside some racing cars. And only three decades later they appeared in serial cars. The car manufacturers met with a wary of straps. The installation required additional funds, which affected the price of cars and trade turnover.
A law on the mandatory use of seat belts has been adopted! He was in Sweden in 1957. Other countries have inspired the example of Sweden. In the Soviet Union, such a law was adopted only after twenty years.
The adoption of the law was met aggressively. He was opposed by a wide range of arguments. Some people thought it was violence against a man. A man must have the right to choose. Others claimed that the belt would only hurt, because the victim would not be able to quickly leave the burning machine. The latter assertion would seem to be of good sense. However, thorough research by Peugeot and Renault proved that many motorists leave the vehicle at the moment of accident. They simply fly out of the windshield. And the percentage of deaths among them is significantly higher than those of those who have been shelved. It turns out it's not hurting the belt itself, it's not the right thing to use it.
Luckily, spores have recovered over time. The belts have been widely used. Today, only 5% of the car owners question their necessity.
Device
The safety belt consists of the strap, fastening bolts, a lock and a retractor.
The strap is made of a variety of synthetic materials. The material depends on the strength of the straps. The tape is labeled with a label. It can be seen with a safety-belt marking.
The use of emergency locking retractors is used in modern vehicles. They work on the principle of a normal snoring mechanism, which is blocked by a sensitive element. The structure of such a mechanism is a pendulum and a metal ball. When the ball or the pendulum is moved, they fix the coil with the help of the yaw system. There's a floppy drive on the coil screw. When the strap is on, the strap pulls slowly, and the disk is spinning along with the shaft. In the event of an accident, the stray webs are moving. The disc is crushed by the friction force, pushing the screw surface. The drive is offset by the screw surface. That's why the drive blocks the ratchet.
Modifications
Remy can be attached to a framework in two, three, or more locations. They are called two-, three-and multipoint.
The femoral, lap and shoulder straps are among the point-to-point. The lap belts have recently been used by many manufacturers in the rear seat of cars and in buses. It soon became clear, however, that the use of lap belts could lead to serious spinal diseases. This fact has been called "safety-belt syndrome". "Syndrome" has caused many trials. The rules were then revised and all seats were equipped with three-point belts. The lap belts are now widely used only in aircraft. Their advantage is that they hold a passenger in an armchair and at the same time allow him to freely accept the position of the body.
The shoulder straps were used in the 1960s, but they failed. In the event of an accident with such a belt, the passengers could easily jump out.
The three-point belt brings together the shoulder and lap belts. It is very easy to fasten this belt, as the buckle is moving through the tape. They are widely applied, thanks to high performance indicators-the braking force is evenly distributed over the surface of the body. For the children and the small growers, these straps are not fit. In normal terms, the upper strap shall pass very close to the throat of such passengers. Children who are fastened by regular straps are more likely to be injured by accidents than those sitting in children's seats.
Three-point belts are divided into inertial and non-inertial. Inertia belts are now practically used in all cars. To buckle up, you need to pull out this belt and lock it in the lock. After the retraction, it will return to its place automatically, thanks to the retractor. The belt tightly holds the man and adjusts the length without any prior adjustment, as opposed to the non-inertial remnant, in which the length of the strap must be adjusted first.
There are other belts with a pretension. An additional element of this mechanism is the load limiter. Its main task is to prevent injuries to the thorax due to the load from the seatbelt retention. When an overload that exceeds the predefined parameters, the internal gear rack is distorted and provides a limited relaxation of tension.
Multipoint belts are used in racing cars and in sports planes.
Operational issues
Some think that the seatbelt needs to be tight. This is one of the most perverse judgments. With such a fixation, the belt will hold it well, but it hurts a lot of man.
If the belt is not to be pulled, then the delay will be considerably weakened.
The belt must be adjusted so that the hand of the arm is under the belt of the tugo. Controls must be easily accessible.
You can't fix a belt or a repainted state.
If the car after the crash is to be restored, then the belts must be changed because the tape after a severe stretch is lost.
For the same reason, it is necessary to replace belts after 5 to 10 years of operation.
It is very important to install the belt that corresponds to the car's brand.
If there is even one airbag near the occupier's seat, the belt shall be fastened. This is for the airbag disclosure mechanism. In an unbuttoned state, you can get a serious injury to the pillow. If the person in the emergency situation is unbuttoned, the airbags do not work in some vehicles.
The use of a safety belt in statistics saves 70% of the accidents. This is far more effective than airbags, which have helped 20% of cases. All passengers and the driver must be fastened in order to be more effective. At the moment of accident, the unfastened passenger is chaotically moving around the passenger compartment and may cause injury to the people next to him.
