The candle is the main part of the petrol engine's ignition system. In search of ways to increase the efficiency of the engine, the engineers constantly exclaim the material and coating for electrodes, with the number of electrodes and even with the size of the candle

History of spark plugs

The first in the history of electric ignition is the merit of the German engineer Robert Bosch, who created the first system under the name of magneto at the end of the 19th century. Magneto used a further Carl Benz, making his first cars.

The first vehicles were equipped with lavatory candles: the car mechanic could, at any time, dismantle and clean them from inside and outside

At the turn of the XIX-XX century engines were used by lavatory candles: it was convenient, so electrodes, threaded part or insulator, constantly covered by the tanning, was easy to clean. However, with the advent of Henry Ford, who advocated the simplification of all the car's nodes, there were unborn candles that changed entirely.

Device and candlelight unit with one and more electrode

The spark ignition consists of several common elements: insulator, contact rod, metal body and electrode. In order to install into the engine on the body of the candle, there is a hexagon below the candle-key and thread-thread for ingling into the candle well at the head of the cylinder block. In modern engines, candles are used with a hexagon under a non-standard 16-millimetre key. In the engines of automobile production of the USSR and Russia, candles with a 21-millimetre key were used.

The use of iridium candles is characteristic of Japanese manufacturers, as the iridium candles are developed and patented by the Japanese firm

After the end of the threaded part, the threaded metal linings are fitted with a limiter. It is necessary for the candle to be impossible to move beyond what is needed. The part of the limiter that is turned on to the engine has a conical surface that serves to seal the candle well. A metal sealing ring is used to further seal the body of the candle.

The candle Unit is made of highly durable technical ceramics. Inside is the contact rod, which serves as the central electrode. The central electrode is made of copper, in some cases in the contact area with the burning fuel, it is covered by napalm or platinum.

As the technology in the construction of engines has developed, the spark plugs have undergone considerable modernization. First of all, it touched the materials from which the elements were made, as well as the size and number of the electrodes. The introduction of additional lateral electrodes has been shown to be beneficial for the stability of the electric arc, which means that the fuel roasting is stable. To date, there are candles with two, three and four electrodes. Plus and Minus of the Candles with Several Electric Power

Plus and Minus of the Candles with Several Electric Power

The traditional candle structure means one central electrode and one lateral. Multiple candles have one central electrode and several side candles.

The presence of several electrodes not only increases the length of the candle service, but also increases the engine resource, as the risk of local overheating in the combustion chamber is reduced

The side electrode is made of high temperature steel. Contrary to popular belief, it was not part of a steel body but was welded to it. The main difficulty with the side electrode is that it is very heated during operation. Overheating leads to the spark ignition.

This feature caused the presence of additional side electrodes in the construction of the candle. An electrical arc occurs between a central electrode and one side. In which one of the electrodes, the spark is unknown, so there is no priority. However, the overheating problem has been successfully solved because the electrodes are queued. The reduction in temperature contributes to the increase in the length of the candle service.

The pros and cons of the iridium and platinum candles

Iridiev name the candles in which the central electrode is made of the alloy of birthright and iridium. The Long Life Iridiaci candles were patented in 1997 by DENSO, supplying various electronic components to the Toyota pipeline. Declared service life of candles with iridium electrode-up to 200,000 km. The most recent development of DENSO is used in the production of these candles. The recent Long Life is very thin with a very thin central electrode (0.4-mm diameter). The mod arc of the iridieva candle is also different from usual, it is sharper and profiled in the shape of a U for the improvement of ignition. Iridiev candles were designed for use in small high-powered engines. When using the Denso iridium candles or their analogues, two basic requirements must be met: not to correct the car with the octane number below the prescribed fuel, and to replace the candles with the prescribed delay. For more information, see the repair guide for a specific car model. There are engines in which the manufacturer recommends the use of the iridium candles. For example, this is the Suzuki Grand Vitara II engine with a volume of 2.0 liters or a fifth-generation Toyota Camry engine.

Moment of candlelight is the parameter specified in the design of the engine, so it is best to pump the candlelight with the chassis key

In addition to the candlelight with the central electrode of the iridium alloy, candles are also produced, in which the central electrode is made of alloy with the adjoining of rare and precious metal-platinum. In general, it can be said that platinum candles are characterized by the same features as for the iridium-that is, a long term of service, low tolerance for low-quality fuel and, of course, a rather high price. If ordinary candles can cost 3 cents per unit, the platinum price may be in the area of $50 or higher.




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