Many variants of this device have appeared in more than 100 years of carburetor's existence. They differ in design, work and size. Such a rich gamma is connected, first of all, to the desire of engineers to optimize the work of carburetor, to make it suitable for different types of motor vehicles and motorcycles. Basic types of carburettors

Basic types of carburettors

First of all, carburetors are divided into the following types: Barthotsinge, membrane-igolata and floats.

Barbott carburetor is the most imperfect type, which is no longer used in modern cars. The essence of the device was the following: in the upper part of the petrol tank, above the maximum fuel level, there was a board with two tubes. One of them was entering the outdoor air, while the other was making a mixed intake of the air mixed with fuel vapor. The fuel mix was thus obtained. The throttle was located separately from the engine. This type of carburetor was extremely demanding in the fractional composition of the fuel. The other shortcomings were the explosive, the relatively large size of the design, and the lack of adjustment possibilities.

The buoyant carburetor has the widest possible distribution, which is characterized by reliability, ease of adjustment and quality of the resulting fuel mix

Over time, the device evolved beyond recognition. The new type of carburetor type was called the membrano-igolata. First of all, the difference is that such a carburetor is a separate node. In its construction, several cameras, which are separated by membranes. Through them a piston or a tip with a needle at the end, which opens and closes the access of the fuel to the cells, acting on the valve. The main advantage of such a device is its simplicity. In addition, it is appreciated for the ability to work literally in any position, regardless of the direction of gravity. At the same time, the main drawbacks of the membrane carburetor are the difficulty of adjustment, the sensitivity to the acceleration due to the membrane, not too wide range of the volume of the mixture at the outlet, as well as the slow transitions between the regimes.  Such carburettors were practically not used in the automotive industry, but created the ground for the appearance of another type of construction.

The buoyant carburetor was the most widely used carburetor. This type of device is different from all other reliability, ease of adjustment and quality of the resulting fuel mix. It consists of two parts: a float chamber that is required for a steady flow of fuel, and a mixing chamber, in which the fuel is connected to oxygen. In addition, the carburettor is equipped with various dosing devices such as a kilter, fuel and air valves. This is largely due to this floating carburettor, and has become the most successful design on which countless modifications have been developed.

Classification for the method of maintaining the pressure in the buoyating chamber

There are two ways to maintain the pressure in the buoyating chamber.

In one case, the air enters the float chamber through the tube of the mixing chamber, thanks to which the pressure in both chambers is the same. This excludes the effect of the air filter of the carburettor on the composition of the fuel mix. Carburettors with this device are called balanced.

The fuel mixture flow in the carburettor may move from top to bottom, up or horizontal

In another case, the air enters the float chamber through a separate channel. This causes the air filter to enrich the fuel mix. This is because the filtered filter is worse than skipping the air, which in turn leads to differential pressure in the cells. Balanced carburettors, in contrast to the unbalanced, in such situations, the difference of pressure in the cells remains the same, so the composition of the mixture does not change.

Classification in the direction of the fuel mixture

The carburetors are also different from the direction of the fuel mix. The flow of the mixture can be top-down, bottom-up or horizontal. They are called a carburetor with a top-down, bottom-up or horizontal flow. Downstream carburetts are considered to be the most effective, thanks to the best possible values. In addition, they are more convenient in the engine, which is important in regulating settings and maintenance.

Classification by number of mixing chamber

With the improvement of internal combustion engines, the carburettor device has been developed. For example, two-chamber carburettors were used for multi-cylinder engines. The principle of his work remained the same, but the device changed. Such a carburetor has one floating and two mixing chamber and two throttle, bound by the common axis and opening simultaneously. This system is needed for a more efficient distribution of the cylinder mixture.

There is also a kind of carburetor where the droplets are opened consecutily.

He's got a similar device. The main difference is in the throttle control of the throttle and the design of the exhaust manifold (it is common to two mixing chambers). First, the throttle opening of the first chamber (main) is opened, and when it opens up to 70-80%, the throttle shall be opened with the second chamber (additional). At the same time, an additional mixing chamber is connected to the operation, which ensures the arrival of a large amount of combustible blends into the cylinders.

It is obvious that two-chamber carburettors are much more efficient because they are more effective in filling cylinders with combustible blenders, reducing the losses of the mixture in the intake pipes. The mixture in such a carburettor moves in one direction. The best performance of such carburettors in V-shaped engines, there is one camera with a mixture of one series of cylinders. Multi-compartment carburettors are used to increase engine power and to reduce fuel consumption and toxicity of exhaust gases. The best features among the multi-compartment carburettors are those with the sequential opening of the throttle.




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