The preheater was designed to facilitate engine starting in regions with extremely low air temperatures. Gradually, as a result of the research, it became clear that the hot start of the engine will extend the life of the engine, as the engine is worn worse than the cold start.
In the 1940s, when antifreeze was not yet in place, during the winter the drivers used a [ [ cylinder lamp]] to warm up and poured hot water into the heat sink
Then another important property of the heater-it turned out that it allows the driver to provide the minimum comfort with the use of a car in winter: a preheated engine starts to emit heat through the heater heater almost immediately after launch. Modern heaters, which are no longer correctly referred to as "pre-launch", perform three tasks at once. Depending on the design, they can work on different types of energy and warm up not only antifreeze, but also motor oil.
Fuses of heaters
According to the types of fuel consumed, the heaters are divided into diesel, petrol, gas, and electric. Electric heaters are divided into independent, battery-powered and domestic electricity.
Depending on the climate and the requirements of the vehicle, a salon motor, pre-heater heater, and a passenger compartment and engine heater can be installed.
The total fuel consumption of an autonomous liquid fuel heater is much lower when the cold engine is cold and cold
Finally, the heaters are subdivided in view of the type of heat that they heat up. The column heaters (often referred to as "autorμs") heat the air. Preheaters work with cooling liquid or (and) oil.
Device and principle of heaters of different types
Liquid fuel heater
Liquid fuel heater consists of a fuel pump, combustion chamber ("boiler") and the pump that is turning the coolant. Depending on the design and cost of the instrument, the control unit of the motor vehicle fan and the remote launch controller may be included.
Modern heater provides a wide range of management options. It can be started on a timer, from a remote control or through a GSM module, using a program installed on the driver's smartphone.
After the device is activated, the fuel pump shall pump the fuel from the tank into the combustion chamber of the heater. Petrol-fuelled vehicles may be installed in petrol-fuelled vehicles, and possibly a diesel heater, which is reasonably considered to be safer. In this case, the heater system provides an additional reservoir for diesel. High-octane quality Arctic fuel is poured into a single fuel tank when operating in an extreme cold climate.
Swedish motorists use heaters, even when in the street + 5 degrees
The heat exchanger that circulates the cooling liquid is missing. Circulation is the water pump. The engine shall be warmed up first and then, when the predetermined temperature is reached, the electromagnetic valve shall connect the contour of the state passenger compartment and includes the fan heater. In a small temperature, the engine will warm up to the working temperature in 15 minutes; and it is necessary to lower the temperature in the cabin to achieve a more or less comfortable temperature. Consuming the modern heater not more than 0.7 litres of fuel per hour.
The autonomous engine of the passenger compartment is practically no different from the engine heater. It is installed in the passenger compartment of the car and works only with the contour of the state pastry.
Both types of heaters are equipped with their own exhaust system, which includes even a small silencer.
Power-to-grid electrical preheater
The basis for the construction of an electric heater operating from a residential network is a heating element of 500 to 3000 W. It is located in a sealed heat exchanger that is integrated into the engine cooling at installation.
The air in the passenger compartment is heating the heat fan, which is like a domestic model, which can be bought at the hypermarket of electronics. Controls the operation of the heater with the electronic control unit with a timer and a remote launch.
The cost of the electric heater "Beszenornik" for domestic cars starts from RUB 1300.
Electric heaters are often not equipped with a circulating pump to save electric power. In this case, the coolant circulation is naturally occurring, obeying the laws of physics-the hot liquid rises to the upper part of the system, and the cold, accordingly, falls into the lower part, passing through the heat exchanger's heat exchanger.
Stand-alone electrical heaters
These devices were not sufficiently distributed due to restrictions in the work caused by the limited battery resource. The most common type of electro-heater is a small low-capacity shadow that was performed in the form of a cork hole of the crankcase pallet. The one with the remote actuation and the timer is heating oil in the pallet of the crankcase. The heat of the heated salon will not allow such a heater, but the engine will run with presoaked motor oil, thereby reducing the wear of the pipes. When using this type of heater, it is recommended that a high-capacity battery be installed in the car.
Plus and Minus
Prestart heaters prolong the life of the car engine. The regular launch of the ice engine results in the accelerated wear of the jogging parts: cylinders, piston, oil pump and tp. The Swedes living in a country with cold climates are so accustomed to heaters, (every second car in Sweden is equipped with such a device) that they even use it at + 5 degrees.
The preheater is an indispensable instrument for a diesel engine. Engines of this type are harder to run in the cold. In addition, diesel engines produce less heat when compared to petrol. This can be observed when riding a large minivein at a temperature of -25. At this point in the car heat provides, often, only a heater. If the device is not installed, a diesel engine may be sufficiently cold in the passenger compartment.
Prestart heaters, even those working on liquid fuels, are economically viable. The preheater spends, on average, one litre of fuel a day. More fuel will be spent on idling warm-up at the same car. This is because, at the moment of warm up, the engine control unit is greatly enriching the fuel-air mixture to insure the cold engine from a self-contained stop in auto-start mode.
Many car enthusiasts are sure that the device is called "velvasta" and do not know the combination of the "trigger preheater"
There is another positive factor-autonomous heaters are not so harmful to the environment as the engines burning the enriched mixture. The number of harmful substances in the exhaust of the heating device is significantly lower than the exhaust gas entering the atmosphere through the exhaust system of the unheated engine. If you talk about electrical heaters, they're only trolleybus trolleybuses.
The main flaw in electrical heaters is the binding to the home power grid. In Europe, in particular in Sweden, interviewers are installed on each pillar and in the parking lot of supermarkets. In the case of Russia, the installation of an electric heater may be recommended only to the owner of a private house. At the same time, it will not be possible to warm the work in the parking lot.
Interesting facts about pre-launch heaters
The Russian market is sold to an electric heater with a talking name "Beszenornik".
In the Far East and Siberian cities, where the winter is particularly severe, the last years can be seen by the whole hyrlands of the extension cords of the home electric grid that are hanging from the windows. They are connected to the electric heaters of cars standing in the yard. This is because the price of the electric heater (an average of 6,000 rubles) is about 5 times lower than the price of the Liquid Fuel "Autobots".
The name of the "Webasto" heater brand has become a name in Russia. In the words of "vestart", Russian autorateurs replace the cumbersome word "prelaunch" with the heater. There are two reasons for this. First, the company's heaters are installed in many modern vehicles. Second, the long-term presence of the brand in the market has evolved into the development of the service network, and the installers prefer to work with it for this reason. The second most popular brand is Eberspacher (Hydronic).
