The internal combustion engine cooling system shall supply cooling fluids or air to hot parts and excess heat to the atmosphere. Temperature damage to the engine
Temperature damage to the engine
When the working mixture is burned, the temperature in the cylinder is raised to 2000 ° C and even higher. At the same time, the optimum temperature of the cylinder block, in which all the mechanical parts work without excess voltage, fluctuates between 80 and 90 degrees. A strong heating may lead to a disruption of the work clearance between the connected details, which means they are exposed to increased wear, jamming and withdrawal. Even if it does not come to this, the overheating causes the engine power to decrease, due to the deterioration in the engine capacity of the fuel mixture, auto-ignition and detonation. For the engine to function properly, it is necessary to cool the parts by cooling the heat to the atmosphere.
In the high mountain pass of the Zousten in the Swiss Alps, the replacement of the water with radiators is stored in the museum. In the 1930s, almost all of the cars were boiling at the top of the "boil"
Excessive temperature reduction also has a negative impact on engine performance. Air-involved fuel, falling on the cold walls of the cylinder, is partly condensed and steaming into the engine's crankcase and mixed with motor oil. This oil loses its properties, resulting in increased wear and tear.
A very dangerous phenomenon is the boiling of the engine. In this case, the cooling liquid is in a direct meaning of the cooling jacket, which often results in serious consequences and expensive repairs. The case is in the physical properties of the liquid-a sharp expansion occurs when switching to a steamer state. The consequences are always lamentable-as a rule, rubber tubes are not preconditioned first. The liquid-cooling system is antifreeze with a boiling point of about 120 °C. An expansion tank has been introduced into the system to prevent depressurization and fluid exuberance.
Cooling systems of different structures
Engineers became aware of the need to cool their engines well before the cars were available. However, after the engines came into the hands of non-professionals-that is, there are car amateurs who want simply to move without a trace of the temperature under the bonnet, the problem has become true.
During the evolution of the cars, many different structures of this system have been tested, but all of them are in one way or another of the three main types.
Air cooling
This type is based on the principle of the intake of cylinder by air that will exhaust the heat from the engine. Air cooling is the simplest system: the stronger the heat, the lower the temperature. The disadvantage is that the thermal capacity of the air is low.
The [ [ Porsche 911]] with an air-cooled engine was released from 1964 to 1998
This means that a large amount of contact is required to remove a large amount of heat from the engine. In other words, it is difficult to create compact and powerful power installations with air cooling.
However, where capacity is not required, air cooling has been successful in its work.
Cooling system
The liquid system is based on the principle of dissipation of heat circulating in the immediate vicinity of the cylinder's coolant. Liquid-cooling system, even if forced circulation, cannot cool the powerful engines because a large amount of liquid is required to remove large amounts of heat. This condition is practically impossible to implement in a passenger car, so the engines equipped with this cooling system are used mainly on ships, that is, where there is a possibility to organize a constant flow of cold water.
Hybrid cooling system
The hybrid type has now become the top of the cooling system. Its advantage is that the hybrid system combines the advantages of both liquid and air cooling. The cylinder block is cooled by a circulating liquid, and the liquid in turn is cooled by air flow. Consists of the system from the cooling jacket of the cylinder block, the radiator, one or more fans, the water pump, the thermostat, the expansion butterfly, the connecting pipes and the temperature sensor. This design is used in all modern cars, with few exceptions.
Scheme of engine cooling system
The design of the engine cooling system is as follows:
