During the history of automotive industry engineers have been pursuing the only main goal-to get maximum return from the engine.
The task is not limited to these conditions. Before the constructors, the task is to place the engine of the given power in the minimum amount of subspace. By trying to solve it, developers are experimenting, among other things, with the number of cylinders. At different times, serial vehicles were used as miniature single-cylinder engines, such as large units with 16 cylinders.
Single-cylinder internal combustion engine
Single-cylinder engine is the simplest design with a single working cylinder. Single-cylinder engine is not fully balanced, so it is not equivalent. The engines of this type have the lowest ratio of the surface area of the cylinder to the working volume. This is an important parameter, since the heat losses during engine operation are minimal, and thus the straight-engine CHP is the highest.
The popular terms "long block" and "short block" have nothing to do with the number of cylinders and the length of the block, as this is a height. Long block-engine in a non-hinged charge
The drawback of the construction is in the high voltage of the details of the cryohmatron mechanism compared to multi-cylinder engines. They work on a two-stroke cycle in which the work moves occur twice as often. In fact, this means that the engine operates at very high speeds, and the details are enormous. In addition, the possibility of increasing the amount of the only piston is limited to the threshold of detonation, which means that the volume can only be raised to a certain limit. Because of this quality, the use of single-cylinder engines in heavy four-wheeled vehicles is not appropriate. They are most commonly used as light motorcycles for light motorcycles or mopeds. Motor vehicles with wheelchairs were only equipped with wheelchairs for disabled persons.
inline-two
In this configuration, the two cylinders are positioned in a series and rotating the overall crankshaft.
Just like a single-cylinder, two-cylinder engine is not balanced and does not provide a flyback (when working on a four-stroke cycle). The four-stroke two-cylinder engines repeatedly installed in a supercompact car like Daihatsu Mira. Balancing shavings are used to deal with the vibration issue in the engine design.
The two-stroke two-stroke engines are very widely used, as they operate without vibration. You can see them very often in motorcycle design. In the past, when there was no need to seriously think about fuel savings, it was often possible to see a two-cylinder engine with a large volume.
straight-three
In this configuration, the three cylinders are placed in a number of pistons orbits one common crankshaft.
The three-cylinder engine is not balanced in both four-stroke and two-stroke variants. Its relative prevalence is due to simplicity in production. The engine does not work smoothly in the four-stroke variant, so it is necessary to use balancing shaft. Used on cars with small working capacity, such as Opel Corsa or Pajero Mini, often combined with turbine to increase capacity. the balancing shaft, which rotates at the velocity of the wheel, but on the opposite side and compensates for the point of order 1.
inline-four
The most common configuration of our time is the four-cylinder engine configuration. The flat layout of the cylinders may be vertical or near the angle of some VW engines.
Four-stroke four-stroke engines are not balanced, but just like the three-cylinder engines in production. Modern in-line four-cylinder engines rarely have a working capacity of more than 2.3-2.4 litres. The restriction is due to the increased level of vibrations, so the sedative ramparts are often used on modern engines of large volume. Used on a huge number of cars of different brands and models.
inline-five
In this configuration, the internal combustion engine is located in a series of five cylinders, spins orbits one common crankshaft. The engine of this structure is not balanced, but with a certain order of cylinders (1-2-4-5-3), the vibration problem does not arise.
For economy reasons, producers often do not develop a new unit, reducing the number of cylinders. That is why sometimes a more powerful engine unaltered to a place of low power
The five-cylinder engines are often found in some models Audi and Volkswagen, Mercedes, Honda, Fiat, Daihatsu, Mitsubishi, and some others. For the first time in the history of passenger cars, the five-cylinder engine appeared on the Audi 100 of the early 1980s.
straight-six
In a six-cylinder engine, the piston engine also rotates the general wheel. From the point of view of the theory, the four-stroke six-cylinder engine is completely balanced because the forces of inertia of different cylinders are compensating for each other. In addition, unlike a four-cylinder engine, the inertia of the 2nd order is also mutually compensated. As a result, six-cylinder engines are structurally simple and provide high easing. Again, according to the theory, the mutual compensation of all forces would be his own with a V12 scheme, which is two coal-fired six-cylinder engines with a single wheel.
straight-six
This engine has a two-line arrangement, three in rows, and a common wheel. Cylinders are located at an angle each other than the letter V.
By popularity, the configuration is inferior to only four-cylinder engines.
It was first introduced in the Italian model of Lancia Aurelia in 1950, but quickly gained popularity, especially during the period of mass transition to the transverse position of the engine.
V6 is not balanced, but the calming rampart does not apply-the vibration problem is solved by counterweights on the crankshaft.
inline-eight
In this configuration, one row contains eight cylinders. Porn, like other ordinary engines, rotates one crankshaft.
In a certain configuration of an eight-cylinder engine, the engine is completely balanced. Compared to a six-cylinder, it makes more work cycles over a fixed period of time, so the load shows a smoother move.
straight-eight
Eight cylinders in this configuration are arranged in two rows of four rows per row. Porchons spin a common crankshaft. V8 is a convenient configuration for creating a compact engine of large volume. The maximum working volume of the modern (small) serial engine V8 13 litres (supercar Weineck Cobra 780 cui). Since 2006, the V8 volume of 2.4 litres has been included in the Formula 1 technical regulation.
straight-10
Engine with a lot of ten cylinders. Porchons spin a common crankshaft. The 10-cylinder machine is fully balanced, and performs even more work cycles per unit of time than the l8, which provides an even more pronounced easing of the move.
fifth-cylinder engine
In this configuration, the two rows of six cylinders are at an angle with each other. Porchons spin a common crankshaft.
12-cylinder engine
In this configuration, twelve cylinders are arranged in three rows of four cylinders in a row. Porchons spin a common crankshaft.
Twelve-cylinder
In a W-engine, the three series of cylinders are arranged by four, at an angle with each other. Porshi also spins one common crankshaft.
Hex engine
At present, these engines are not used in production vehicles. The V16 model with a 16-cylinder engine with a V16 engine with a V16 engine with a V16 engine with a V16 engine was released in 1930 under the Cadillac brand.
The largest and most powerful diesel engine in the world is as high as 13.5 meters in height and 26.59 meters in length. He's got 14 cylinders.
Much later, in 1987, the V16 engine of the seventh E32 series was installed by BMW as an experiment. The engine capacity was 6.76 and the engine capacity of 408 hp. To place the engine under the bonnet, it was necessary to move the radiators of the cooling system into the trunk.
Under the hood, the supercar Bugatti Veyron Vitesse has a W16 engine with a capacity of 1200 l. on 6400 rpm The force torque of 4 blocks per cylinder is 1500 N at 3000-5000 rpm.
