Since recently, all new vehicles have been equipped with both diesel and petrol-fuelled engines. In the vast majority of countries strict regulations have been introduced to limit the content of harmful substances that enter the atmosphere with exhaust gases. An example of such standards is the classification of the Euro. Device, purpose and principle of action
Device, purpose and principle of action
As a rule, the catalyst shall be installed after the receiving tube or fixed directly to the flange of the exhaust manifold. Catalytic converter consists of the media, the enclosure and the thermal insulation.
The impact of a [ [ stone]] on a [ [ stone]] or a curb will almost inevitably lead to the destruction of the ceramic 100th stored inside the cartridge
A storage unit consisting of a set of hundredths of cells, performs the main work in a catalyst. The Sota is covered by a special working group. It is noteworthy that the composition starts working effectively after the warm-up when the temperature rises to 300 degrees.
Catalyst permits carbon monoxide (CO) (toxic gas without colour and odour), hydrocarbons (CH), carbon black, and substances known as NOx (NO and NO2), which have a destructive effect on the mucous member, to be burned. The shells of the shell are covered with the thin film of the Platinum-iridium alloy. The unburned residues of harmful substances are related to the hot surface of the catalytic layer and burn. The balance of oxygen is used in the exhaust gas. harmless substances-N2 and CO2-remain in the catalyst.
Type of catalytic converter
The working cartridge of the catalyst, that is, the hundredth, is made of metal or ceramics. The greatest distribution has been found in ceramic units that are well resistant to high temperature and that are not corrosion-free. A significant advantage of this species is also low cost.
The exhaust gases of modern vehicles with catalytic converters have almost no smell
Among the negative signs are the weak resistance to mechanical damage. The casing of the catalyst is located under the bottom of the vehicle and the possibility of contact with any obstacle on the road is large enough. Metallic analogues are, however, quite expensive.
Operation of the catalytic converter
To ensure that the catalyst does not fail, it is recommended to use fuel purchased at the filling stations of well-known brands. Non-qualitative petrol contains substances that can destroy the composition covering the surface of honeycomb. In many countries, tetraethyl lead is the most heavily affected by the catalysts of tetraethyl lead, widely used in the second half of the 20th century to increase octane gasoline.
When replacing a catalyst with a flame arrester, it is necessary to specify how much the control unit firmware is and the installation of the "deceptors". These numbers can have a significant impact on the total cost of the operation
It should be borne in mind that the catalyst is heated during engine operation, so there should be no parking in places where the bottom of the vehicle is flammable: dry leaves, paper and tissue.
There are several recommendations for action by the driver:
- Avoid frequent re-enabling of starter if the engine does not run the first time.
- Do not rotate the starter wheel by turning off part of the spark plugs (for example, to check for cylinders or Spark plugs).
- Do not start the engine by towing.
All three points are aimed at reducing the possibility of a fuel injection into the catalyst. If it does not evaporate, and the engine is still in the process, the fuel in the catalyst is secured, and the cartridge can be destroyed once.
If the catalyst is broken
The most obvious indication of a catalyst failure is the burning light that signals problems. In some cars, a separate signal icon is provided for a catalyst failure, and another error shows the generic CHECK ENGINE. The driver can listen to the rattles, which appear almost immediately after breaking the details. In such cases, a diagnosis should be made and the catalyst should be replaced if necessary. To verify that the engine does not start because of a defective catalyst, it is possible to try a car by disconnecting the oxygen sensor located in the catalyst casing.
Harmful substances affecting the catalyst have a negative effect on the mucous membrane
If there is a need for a new feature, you can purchase either an original or a universal catalyst. In the first case, you will have to pay a rather large sum, so many car owners prefer the universal device.
Alternatively, replacement of the catalyst with the flame arrester (resonator) may be an alternative. The advantages in this case are small costs and high reliability of the details. The replacement of the flame-arrester will be particularly relevant in cases where the vehicle has a high mileage as the catalyst in such machines may not last very long. It should be taken into account, however, that when replacing a flame arrester, it will be necessary to replace the lambda probe with the so-called "deceptions" and the firmware in the engine control unit to exclude the influence of the sensor readings on the fuel composition of the air-air mixture.
