This shaft is a part of the transmission of all the rear-wheel drive and four-wheel-drive vehicles. This is the shaft that transmits torque from the gearbox or the endbox to the retractor of the front or rear axle.
The shaft of this shaft is so simple and universal that in more than a hundred years, its design has hardly changed.
The invention of the shaft and the beginning of its use in motor vehicles
The carnival got its name in honor of the Italian medic and mathematician Girolamo Cardan. He described the principle of work of the ball mechanism connecting two rotating sides of the shaft. Some historians argue that a similar mechanism has been proposed by Leonardo da Vinci. It is interesting that the authorship of the invention by the authorship of the invention, along with Cardan, was also claimed by the Englishman Robert Hook, but he received the patent later.
In the modern carvings of the SUV shaft, the mobile connections are most often replaced by the ShRUAs at both ends of the shaft. The construction of this design is used in Chevrolet Niva
In 1898, Louis Reno was one of the first to use the car's kart. The simplicity and efficiency of the drive contributed to the fact that at the beginning of the twentieth century, the carnival of the rubble became virtually the alternative means of transmission. To date, the details remain very common and are used in all types of vehicles, from Harley Davidson motorcycles to BelAZ trucks.
Device and operating principle
The shaft consists of several parts: a shaft, two crusaders, plugs, seals, attachments and a number of other elements, depending on the structure. This shaft may consist of one, two, three and more sections. The length, thickness and weight of the shaft depends on the size of the vehicle.
The single-sectional shaft consists of the central part and the attached arrowheads attached to it. The central part is made from a steel pipe. The use of the tube is due to the need to reduce the weight of the shaft and to conserve the metal. Only very short rampart is done.
Single-tional bulk cars are equipped mainly with sports cars. For example, one single-card was applied in the Nissan GT-R.
This shaft is one of the most serviceable parts. It is easily removed from the car, and the repair is to replace the cross-bearing and the suspension bearings
The work of the gearball is provided by the sacrum-based charisers. The stimls allow the two conjugate rampart to rotate at variable angles to one another. The highest efficiency is achieved when the angle of rotation is between 0 and 20 degrees. When this indicator is exceeded, the crusader is under heavy load. In addition, the collapse is losing balance and begins to vibrate.
Another important element is the splits of cardan. Its application is due to the high level of suspension of the vehicle, especially in overcoming obstacles. The gearbox or the sliding box to which one end of the shaft is attached is rigidly fixed inside the body, and the bridge gear (the second point of the card anchorage) is tied. As a result, when the barrier moves, the distance between the box and the bridge gear is increasing. This shaft should be "stretched out" in this case, and a sliding front connection helps him do it.
Another important part of the transfer card is a pendant. It creates an additional support leg for the composite shaft, keeping it in place and not preventing it from rotating. The bearing volume is mounted to the body. The number of bearings depends on the number of sections constructed.
Advantages and disadvantages of gears
The main advantages of cardata are their ability to withstand high loads, which is especially important for cars with a large mass. It is no coincidence that all the vehicles in the limousine body and the arrow have a rear transmission. With a few tons and a powerful engine the shaft torque transmission is the most reliable method.
The shaft of the shaft of the BelAZ truck is 105 kilograms. BMW's sports cardan-1.8 kilograms
The main shortcoming is the own weight of the cardan, which increases the total mass of the car. The need for a special tunnel under the field of curdan reduces the volume of the cabin, increases noise and vibration. In addition, the carnival is quite expensive and complicated.
Malfunction card and operational tips
In order to extend the life of the crusader roll, it is recommended that after every ten thousand mileage it service the crates and front links, if, of course, their service is provided by the manufacturer. The serviced crusaders are equipped with press-mats to which the thick oil of type Littol is to be injected. For most modern cars, the carnival passes are not serviced and need only to be replaced by the chandelier when there is a play. By the way, after each repair, the shaft should be balanced, and it can be done only on specialized equipment. If there are outsiders, when the car is in operation, contact the technical service station for the diagnosis of the crusader.
The only way is to have a motorcycle with a gear.
The services of specialized services for the repair of cardans are expensive. It is worth saving the cardan, to be attentive and not to let it work for wear.